Considered the best park for topography fans

Tsavo West National Park is situated on Kenya’s southern border with Tanzania, located about 200km south east of Nairobi. Combined with Tsavo East, this park forms one of the world’s largest game sanctuaries. The East and West parks are separated by the Mombasa/Nairobi road, and both work nicely on a circuit with Mombasa.
Tsavo West has a variety of landscapes, from swamps and natural springs to rocky peaks, extinct volcanic cones, to rolling plains and sharp reddish outcrops. Wildlife can be difficult to spot because of the dense scrubs. In May 1948, a month after its conception Tsavo National Park was divided into East and West for administrative purposes. At 21 812 square km, Tsavo National Park is the largest park in Kenya. Named after the Tsavo River which flows from west to east, the park is considered one of the world’s biodiversity strongholds. It is the only Kenyan park that permits night drives and also allows off-road driving so one can see the wildlife close up.

Brief History

Tsavo West National Park covers 7065km² but the terrain is much more varied than that of Tsavo East. It ranges from 200-1000m in altitude. The northern sector is bush land with scattered native baobab trees. The railway runs along the border separating Tsavo East and Tsavo West National Park. In 1898, as many as 135 railway workers were attacked and killed by man-eating lions. The pair of male, maneless lions that, unusually, hunted humans rather than livestock, evaded traps and capture for many months. The man-eaters were eventually shot by Lt. Col. John Henry Patterson, but the legend lives on. A wildlife safari is the best way to see Kenya’s wildlife close-up in its natural environment. Tsavo West is home to the largest population of red-skinned elephants as well as to members of the rest of the “Big 5” African animals (buffalo, African lions, leopards and rhinos). There is also a host of Kenyan birds and other animals, both large and small, to see. From Lake Jipe, on the Tanzanian border, to the mountain forests of the Chyulu Hills, the wide range of landscape offers protection to many endangered African wildlife including the black rhinoceros, Cosen’s gerbil, Hunter’s hartebeest, several species of shrew and rat, Grevy’s zebra and wild dogs. Upon entering Tsavo West National Park, the park warden will give you several commonsense rules. For example: do not get out of your vehicle, except at designated spots; do not harass the animals in any way; keep to the tracks; no off-road driving; and remember that the animals always have the right of way.

When driving along the red-earth tracks, keep your eyes open for movement and signs of African wildlife. The more you look, the more you will see, and it increases the camaraderie and excitement of the trip as you point out the wildlife, and pull to a halt. Don’t forget to enjoy the sights in real-life, not just through the lens of your camera or video recorder! It is amazing to see Kenyan wildlife living in close proximity to one another. A bird may sit within a snap of being eaten, yet, unless it is hungry, the predator will ignore it completely. See the huge anthills, the sparse shrubs, and the tortoises plodding along the edge of the track. Keep your eyes open for giraffes – they are surprisingly well camouflaged as they nibble the tops of the trees. Look under the shady trees to find lions sleeping after lunch, and be ready to stop as gazelles or cheetahs stroll across the road in front of you. It is a long, hot day on a safari to Tsavo West, so wear cool, comfortable clothing, and a sunhat. Remember to bring your camera and binoculars, sunglasses and water to drink.

Tsavo West National Park Activities To do

 

Embark on an extraordinary exploration of Tsavo West National Park with Wildside Kenya Safaris, where a tapestry of thrilling activities awaits every nature lover and wildlife enthusiast. From the depths of ancient lava caves to the tranquil observation of underwater wonders, Tsavo West offers unique adventures for both the intrepid explorer and those seeking peaceful encounters with nature’s marvels. Whether you dream of tracking the park’s magnificent wildlife across its sweeping savannas, uncovering the secrets of ancient volcanic formations, or witnessing hippos gracefully navigating pristine springs, Wildside Kenya Safaris ensures these experiences in Tsavo West National Park will forge unforgettable memories of your African safari.

1. Cave Exploration

 Delve into the mysterious depths of Tsavo West with an exploration of its remarkable cave systems. The most notable is the Shetani Caves, a network of lava tubes formed by ancient volcanic activity, stretching for kilometers beneath the park’s surface. Accompanied by experienced Wildside Kenya Safaris guides, you can venture into these fascinating formations, learning about their geological origins and the captivating folklore of the local Taita people. They named these caves “Shetani,” meaning “devil” in Swahili, a testament to their enigmatic nature.

2. Witnessing Wildlife in Its Natural Realm

Prepare for exceptional wildlife encounters across Tsavo West’s diverse landscapes, ranging from dramatic volcanic hills to dense woodlands and open savannas. Wildside Kenya Safaris will lead you to prime viewing spots to observe the park’s iconic “red elephants” (whose unique hue comes from the park’s distinctive red soil), elusive black rhinos, majestic lions, graceful leopards, and formidable buffalo. The Ngulia Rhino Sanctuary, a vital conservation area within the park, plays a critical role in protecting and breeding endangered black rhinos. Key game viewing areas that Wildside Kenya Safaris will ensure you experience include:

2. • The lush Mzima Springs area
   • The dedicated Rhino Valley
   • The panoramic Roaring Rocks viewpoint
   • The intriguing Chaimu Crater circuit
3. Mzima Springs Submerged Viewing

 Discover one of Tsavo West’s most unique and captivating attractions: Mzima Springs. Here, an astounding 250 million liters of crystal-clear water bubble up daily from underground streams. Wildside Kenya Safaris offers the incredible opportunity to descend into an underwater viewing chamber, where you can observe:

3. • Hippos elegantly swimming beneath the surface
   • Impressive Nile crocodiles in their aquatic habitat
   • A variety of fish species, including tilapia and barbel
   • The intricate underwater ecosystem from a safe and dry vantage point

Further Enrich Your Tsavo West Experience with Wildside Kenya Safaris:

1. A Birdwatcher’s Paradise: With over 400 recorded species, Tsavo West is a haven for bird enthusiasts. Our expert guides will help you spot a diverse array of avian wonders.
2. Conquering Heights at Roaring Rocks: For the adventurous, Wildside Kenya Safaris can arrange opportunities for rock climbing at the scenic Roaring Rocks.
3. Immersive Nature Encounters: Join our knowledgeable guides for invigorating nature walks along designated trails, allowing you to appreciate the smaller wonders of the park.
4. Capturing Memories at Scenic Vistas: Wildside Kenya Safaris will take you to breathtaking viewpoints like Poacher’s Lookout, perfect for photography and soaking in the panoramic landscapes.
5. Connecting with Local Culture: We can organize respectful and enriching cultural visits to communities surrounding the park, offering insights into local traditions.

 

How to Get to Tsavo West National Park Kenya?

Distance and Location

Tsavo West National Park is conveniently accessible from Kenya’s major urban centers:

• From Nairobi: Approximately 240 kilometers
• From Mombasa: Approximately 250 kilometers via the Mtito Andei Gate

By Road: Wildside Kenya Safaris can arrange transportation via various entry points depending on your starting location:

• From Nairobi: The most common route is through the Mtito Andei Gate (near Kamboyo HQ).
• From Mombasa: Visitors typically use the Tsavo Gate near Manyani.
• From Amboseli: Access is available through the Chyulu Gate.
• Via Taveta-Voi Road: Entry can be made through the Maktau, Ziwani, and Jipe Gates.

Main Gates: Tsavo West National Park features six well-maintained entry points:

• Mtito Andei Gate (Kamboyo HQ)
• Tsavo Gate
• Lake Jipe Gate
• Chyulu Gate
• Maktau Gate
• Ziwani Gate

By Air: For those preferring to fly, Wildside Kenya Safaris can arrange fly-in safaris as the park is served by eight operational airstrips:

• Kamboyo Airstrip
• Kilaguni Airstrip
• Tsavo Gate Airstrip
• Jipe Airstrip
• Kasigau Airstrip
• Finch Hottons Airstrip
• Ziwani Airstrip
• Maktau Airstrip

All airstrips are well-maintained to ensure safe arrivals and departures for visitors choosing to fly.

 

Tsavo West National Park Entry Fees (as of the last update):

1. Kenyan Citizens
   • Adult Entry Fee: KSh 512 per person
   • Child Entry Fee: KSh 215 per person
2. International Visitors (Non-Residents)
   • Adult Entry Fee: USD 52 per person
   • Child Entry Fee: USD 35 per person

Important Notes:

• These fees are charged per 24-hour period.
• Children’s rates apply to those aged 3-17 years.
• Proof of citizenship or residency may be required.
• All fees must be paid before entering the park.
• Fees can typically be paid via mobile money, credit card, or cash.

MODE OF PAYMENT: Tsavo West National Park fees can often be paid through the eCitizen platform (check the latest KWS website for the most up-to-date information) using:

• MPesa
• Visa Card
• RTGS (Real-Time Gross Settlement)
• Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT)

 

SPECIAL SERVICES AND ACTIVITIES (arranged by Wildside Kenya Safaris)

Security/Guided Tours:

• Up to 4 hours: KSh 1,720
• Over 4 hours: KSh 3,015

Night Game Drive:

• Per person per trip: KSh 2,155

VEHICLE CHARGES (Per Day): Based on seating capacity:

• Vehicles less than 6 seats: KSh 300
• Vehicles with 6-12 seats: KSh 1,030
• Vehicles with 13-24 seats: KSh 2,585
• Vehicles with 25-44 seats: KSh 4,050
• Vehicles with 45 seats and above: KSh 5,000

Important Notes:

• All payments for park entry and services must be made before entering the park.
• Booking for special services should be done in advance through Wildside Kenya Safaris.
• Night game drives require prior arrangement with Wildside Kenya Safaris.
• Guide services are highly recommended for enhanced wildlife viewing and safety, and Wildside Kenya Safaris provides experienced guides.
• Vehicle charges are applicable regardless of the number of occupants.

 

Key Features of Tsavo West National Park, as Highlighted by Wildside Kenya Safaris:

Wildlife: Tsavo West National Park boasts an impressive array of wildlife across its diverse terrain:

• Large Predators: Lions, Leopards, and Cheetahs, as well as African Wild Dogs and a diverse population of smaller predators like Mongoose.
• Large Mammals: African Elephants (the renowned “red elephants”), Black Rhinos, Cape Buffalos, Reticulated Giraffes, and Plains Zebras.
• Smaller Wildlife: Lesser Kudus, Dik-diks, Rock Hyraxes, Nocturnal Porcupines, and Nile Crocodiles.

The park is also a paradise for bird watchers, with over 600 recorded species, making it one of Kenya’s premier birding destinations.

Park Size: The park spans an extensive area of 7,065 square kilometers, encompassing a variety of habitats and ecosystems.

Climate:

• Temperature Range: 20-30°C
• Annual Rainfall: 200mm – 700mm
• Rainy Seasons:
  • Long rains: March and April
  • Short rains: November and December

Best Time to Visit Tsavo West National Park (according to Wildside Kenya Safaris experts): The park is accessible year-round, although wildlife viewing can vary with the seasons. Each season offers unique experiences:

• Dry seasons (June to October & January to February) provide excellent wildlife viewing as animals congregate around water sources.
• Wet seasons (March to May & November to December) showcase lush landscapes and are ideal for bird watching.

 

What to Pack for Your Tsavo West Adventure

Essential Items:

• Drinking water (ensure you have a sufficient supply for your entire stay)
• Binoculars for optimal wildlife viewing
• Camera with extra batteries and a charger to capture every moment
• Sun protection:
  • Wide-brimmed hat
  • High SPF sunscreen
  • Quality sunglasses

For Day Trips:

• Picnic food and snacks to enjoy in designated areas
• Lightweight and comfortable clothing suitable for the climate
• Sturdy walking shoes for exploring
• Effective insect repellent to ward off any bites
• A basic first aid kit for minor injuries
• Wildlife guidebooks to help identify the animals you see

For Overnight Stays:

• Camping equipment (if you plan to camp):
  • Tent and sleeping bags suitable for the temperatures
  • Portable lights or flashlights
  • Cooking equipment if you intend to self-cater
  • Extra warm clothing for cooler nights
  • Basic tool kit for any minor repairs
• Toiletries and personal items

Additional Recommended Items:

• Mobile phone and a power bank to stay connected
• Lightweight rain jacket, especially during the rainy seasons
• Map of the park (Wildside Kenya Safaris will provide you with one)
• Hand sanitizer for hygiene
• Cash for any additional park services or souvenirs
• Reusable water bottles to minimize plastic waste

Remember: Pack your belongings in neutral-colored bags and clothing to blend in with the environment and minimize disturbance to the wildlife.

 

What To See in Tsavo West National Park?

Tsavo West National Park is a treasure trove of natural wonders, with the Ngulia Rhino Sanctuary standing as a testament to successful conservation efforts. This sanctuary plays a vital role in protecting and nurturing the population of critically endangered black rhinos, offering visitors a unique opportunity to observe these magnificent creatures in a secure environment.

The park offers some of the world’s most spectacular game viewing experiences. With Wildside Kenya Safaris, you can witness an incredible array of wildlife, from stealthy leopards and swift cheetahs to massive herds of buffalo and elephants. The savanna teems with giraffes, zebras, and lions, while smaller residents like the mongoose, hyrax, and nocturnal porcupine add to the rich tapestry of the ecosystem. The park’s biodiversity extends to its skies, hosting an impressive 600 recorded bird species that fill the air with color and song.

The landscape itself tells a story of geological wonder, featuring over 1,000 plant species spread across a diverse habitat of bush, grasslands, and acacia woodlands. Majestic baobabs stand tall alongside ivory palms, while saltbush, doum palms, tamarind, and fig trees create a diverse botanical tapestry. One of the park’s most intriguing features is the Shetani lava flow, where visitors can explore caves formed by molten rock that erupted from the earth approximately 200 years ago. Local folklore adds a mystical dimension to this geological wonder, with tales suggesting the fiery fury was the work of the devil himself.

For those seeking panoramic views, Poacher’s Lookout and Roaring Rocks offer breathtaking vantage points. From these elevated positions, visitors can survey the stunning topography and observe wildlife movements across the vast landscape. Lake Jipe, straddling the Kenya-Tanzania border, provides yet another dimension to the park’s attractions, teeming with aquatic life and serving as a haven for bird enthusiasts. The landscape is further enhanced by the picturesque Five Sisters of Tsavo hills, volcanic formations that create a perfect backdrop for wildlife photography. Standing apart from these is the distinctive Chaimu Hill, a solitary volcanic feature that adds to the park’s geological diversity.

 

Hotels in Tsavo West National Park

Tsavo West National Park offers a diverse range of accommodation options, from luxurious lodges to comfortable self-catering facilities, ensuring every visitor finds their perfect stay. Wildside Kenya Safaris can help you select the ideal option for your needs and preferences.

Kamboyo Guest House Complex: This collection of guest houses offers comfortable accommodation options including:

• Kudu House
• Little Royal House
• Simba House
• Palm Tree House
• Maji ya Chumvi House
• Kichwa Tembo House
• Pipeline House

Luxury Lodges and Tented Camps: Several high-end establishments provide exceptional safari experiences:

• Finch Hatton’s Tented Camp Lodge: Known for its luxurious tented accommodations and exceptional service.
• Voyager Safari Camp: Offering comfortable safari-style accommodation.
• Kitani Severin Safari Camp: Blending comfort with authentic safari experiences.
• Ngulia Safari Lodge: Positioned with spectacular views of the park.
• Kilaguni Serena Lodge: One of the park’s premier luxury accommodations.

Self-Catering Options:

• Rhino Valley: Features 6 well-equipped self-catering cottages perfect for families or groups preferring independent stays.

Each accommodation option offers unique views and experiences of the park, from wildlife watching to stunning landscapes. Most lodges provide additional amenities such as guided game drives (often in partnership with Wildside Kenya Safaris), bush meals, and swimming pools.

 

What is Unique about Tsavo West National Park?

Tsavo West National Park distinguishes itself as a geological marvel, presenting visitors with a dramatic and varied landscape that tells the story of Earth’s ancient past. While its wildlife population may be smaller compared to its eastern counterpart, the park’s unique features combine to create an unparalleled safari experience.

At Mzima Springs, crystal-clear waters emerge from underground streams, forming a vital oasis in the semi-arid terrain. This natural phenomenon produces an astonishing amount of water daily, supporting a thriving ecosystem where visitors can witness underwater hippos and crocodiles through a remarkable submerged viewing chamber. The spring’s pristine waters offer a rare glimpse into the natural underwater behavior of these often-elusive creatures.

The Shetani Lava Flows provide a stark and contrasting landscape to the springs, vividly showcasing the park’s volcanic history. These dramatic black lava formations, whose name translates to “devil” in Swahili, stretch across the landscape like frozen rivers, creating an otherworldly and captivating scene. The cooled lava formations, dating back approximately 200 years, have formed intricate cave systems that adventurous visitors can explore.

The Chaimu Crater adds another compelling dimension to the park’s volcanic features, standing as a powerful testament to the region’s turbulent geological past. This perfectly formed crater offers visitors panoramic vistas of the surrounding landscape and serves as an excellent vantage point for wildlife observation and photography.

These distinct environments coexisting within a single park create a unique mosaic of ecosystems, providing visitors with the extraordinary opportunity to experience dramatically different landscapes within a single day’s safari. The combination of geological wonders, diverse wildlife, and varied terrains makes Tsavo West National Park a truly exceptional and unforgettable destination within Kenya’s national park system.

 

Best Time to Visit Tsavo West National Park (Recommended by Wildside Kenya Safaris):

• Peak Season (June to October & January to February): This is generally considered the optimal time to visit Tsavo West National Park, characterized by dry weather and excellent conditions for wildlife viewing. During these months, animals tend to concentrate around reliable water sources, making them easier to spot. The clear skies and minimal rainfall also create perfect conditions for game drives and other outdoor activities, while the temperatures remain comfortable for safari adventures.
• Tourist Flow and Seasonality:
  • High Season (December-March & July-October): The main tourist areas within the park can become quite busy with visitors during these periods. Popular attractions like Mzima Springs and the Shetani Lava Flows may experience higher visitor numbers. Wildside Kenya Safaris strongly recommends booking your accommodation well in advance if you plan to travel during these times.
  • Low Season (April-June): This period offers a quieter and more secluded park experience with potentially reduced rates at many lodges and camps. While occasional rain showers may occur, the landscape transforms into a lush and vibrant green paradise, making it an ideal time for photography and bird watching.
• Weather Patterns:
  • Best Weather (June-September & January-February): Minimal rainfall and clear skies make these months perfect for all park activities. The dry conditions also create ideal game viewing opportunities as wildlife gathers around permanent water sources.
  • Challenging Weather (April & November-December): These months typically experience the heaviest rainfall:
    • April: Peak of the long rains.
    • November-December: Short rains.
    • Road conditions within the park can become challenging during these periods.
    • Some areas of the park might be less accessible due to the rains.

 

How Many Lions are in Tsavo West National Park?

The Amboseli-Tsavo ecosystem is currently home to approximately 675 lions, making it one of Kenya’s most significant lion habitats. These lions are particularly notable for a unique characteristic: the adult males often lack manes, distinguishing them from other African lion populations.

Feeding Habits: Tsavo lions primarily prey on the grazing animals found within the park:

• Buffalo
• Zebra
• Waterbuck
• Various smaller animal species

The Historic Man-Eaters of Tsavo: Tsavo gained international notoriety in 1898 when two male lions terrorized the construction project of the Kenya-Uganda railway:

• Time period: March to December 1898
• Estimated victims: Approximately 135 people
• The reign of terror ended when Lt. Col. John Henry Patterson successfully hunted and killed both lions.
• These events have become a significant part of Tsavo’s historical narrative.

 

Modern Tsavo Lions: Unique Characteristics (as highlighted by research):

• Pride Structure:
  • Tsavo prides typically consist of up to 10 females with only 1 male.
  • This differs from Serengeti prides, which can have up to 20 females with 2-3 males.
• Social Dynamics: Male lions in Tsavo often operate independently and, unlike in other regions, do not typically share territory or power with other males.
• Distinct Physical Traits: Many adult male lions in Tsavo lack the traditional thick mane, an adaptation likely related to the unique Tsavo environment.

 

Are There Rhinos in Tsavo West National Park?

Yes, Tsavo West National Park is home to the highly successful Ngulia Rhino Sanctuary (NRS), representing one of Kenya’s most inspiring black rhino conservation stories. This secure sanctuary has played a vital role in protecting and breeding these critically endangered species.

Ngulia Rhino Sanctuary:

• Located within the boundaries of Tsavo West National Park.
• Established specifically for the conservation of black rhinos.
• Features an Intensive Protection Zone (IPZ) for enhanced security.
• Has successfully reached its carrying capacity due to effective breeding programs.

Success Factors:

• 24/7 armed security surveillance to deter poaching.
• Advanced anti-poaching measures are in place.
• A controlled environment that supports successful breeding.
• Regular monitoring of individual rhinos by dedicated teams.
• Ongoing scientific research and detailed documentation.
• Dedicated maintenance of the natural habitat within the sanctuary.

Visitation:

• Visitors have the opportunity to observe rhinos in their natural habitat within the sanctuary.
• Guided tours led by trained rangers are available.
• The best times for viewing rhinos are typically during the early morning and late afternoon hours.
• Photography is permitted under specific guidelines to ensure the safety and well-being of the rhinos.

The sanctuary’s remarkable success in reaching its carrying capacity underscores the effectiveness of Kenya’s rhino conservation efforts and highlights the crucial role that Tsavo West National Park plays in protecting these magnificent creatures for generations to come. Wildside Kenya Safaris is proud to support and promote responsible tourism to this vital sanctuary.